渗流作用下新型装配重力式挡土墙有限元分析

为研究渗流作用下新型装配重力式挡土墙应力变化及墙体排水通道对墙后土体固结的影响,采用ABAQUS进行有限元分析,有限元分析结果与模型试验结果相吻合,证明该模型的合理性。在此基础上研究渗流作用下墙体应力变化趋势及墙体排水通道对墙后土体固结效果的影响。研究结果表明:横向排水通道对墙后土体固结效果的影响优于纵向排水通道对土体固结效果的影响,墙体底部横向排水通道的影响作用最显著;渗流作用下墙体应力由上往下呈先增大后减小的趋势,墙体下部所受最大水平剪应力最大。     

Fractional-order load-frequency control of interconnected power systems using chaotic multi-objective optimization

Fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative (FOPID) controllers are designed for load-frequency control (LFC) of two interconnected power systems. Conflicting time-domain design objectives are considered in a multi-objective optimization (MOO)-based design framework to design the gains and the fractional differ-integral orders of the FOPID controllers in the two areas. Here, we explore the effect of augmenting two different chaotic maps along with the uniform random number generator (RNG) in the popular MOO algorithm—the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II). Different measures of quality for MOO, e.g. hypervolume indicator, moment of inertia-based diversity metric, total Pareto spread, spacing metric, are adopted to select the best set of controller parameters from multiple runs of all the NSGA-II variants (i.e. nominal and chaotic versions). The chaotic versions of the NSGA-II algorithm are compared with the standard NSGA-II in terms of solution quality and computational time. In addition, the Pareto optimal fronts showing the trade-off between the two conflicting time domain design objectives are compared to show the advantage of using the FOPID controller over that with simple PID controller. The nature of fast/slow and high/low noise amplification effects of the FOPID structure or the four quadrant operation in the two inter-connected areas of the power system is also explored. A fuzzy logic-based method has been adopted next to select the best compromise solution from the best Pareto fronts corresponding to each MOO comparison criteria. The time-domain system responses are shown for the fuzzy best compromise solutions under nominal operating conditions. Comparative analysis on the merits and de-merits of each controller structure is reported then. A robustness analysis is also done for the PID and the FOPID controllers.     

用土力学的新概念解读和修正经典饱和土力学

论述了应该用有效应力的新概念代替经典有效应力原理。总应力压缩模量与渗流水等效压缩模量的曲线相似;有效应力压缩模量起加劲作用,而不是起决定性作用。土的压缩变形计算中应用有效应力原理是错误的。对于起始水力坡降,引入饱和粘性土的自由水压力衰减概念。在饱和粘性土中,自由水通道率折减不大,相对自由水压力通过一定厚度后衰减为零。所以,新概念土力学的算法接近我国规范:"对粘性土宜按水土合算计算"。还解读了地下室浮力折减、流沙陷阱等等。     

基于软PLC的电气控制器设计

针对以传统PLC为核心设计的控制器存在的电路和控制方式复杂的问题,选用具有可靠性高、抗干扰能力强、易在线修改、易调试操作,具有CAN通信模块的新型软PLC作为电气控制器的控制核心,实现对外部信号的采集、转换、控制,达到了对系统精确控制的目的。实践表明,以软PLC为核心的电气控制器的成功应用,不仅提高了电气控制系统的稳定性和可靠性,且为其他控制系统提供了技术支持和应用依据。     

Performance analysis of three advanced controllers for polymerization batch reactor: An experimental investigation

The performances of three advanced non-linear controllers are analyzed for the optimal set point tracking of styrene free radical polymerization (FRP) in batch reactors. The three controllers are the artificial neural network-based MPC (NN-MPC), the artificial fuzzy logic controller (FLC) as well as the generic model controller (GMC). A recently developed hybrid model (Hosen et al., 2011a. Asia-Pac. J. Chem. Eng. 6(2), 274) is utilized in the control study to design and tune the proposed controllers. The optimal minimum temperature profiles are determined using the Hamiltonian maximum principle. Different types of disturbances are introduced and applied to examine the stability of controller performance. The experimental studies revealed that the performance of the NN-MPC is superior to that of FLC and GMC.     

基于可编程逻辑控制器的电镀工艺参数自动化监控

以可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)为控制核心,辅助相关执行元器件,对电镀过程中涉及的部分关键工艺参数实施自动化监控。分模块阐述了监控原理,并结合实验进行效果验证和评定。结果表明:应用PLC控制系统,可实现工艺参数自动化、实时、准确监控,并且可获得较理想的电镀质量。     

浅谈高等职业院校新教师教学能力持续发展提升

高职院校的教师教学能力对教学效果的影响及其重要,特别是高职院校对于"双师型"教师的需求,要求教师不仅在专业知识的讲授上掌握教学方法和技巧,同时要具备一定水平的实践技能。新教师作为学校师资队伍中的新生力量,其教学能力和水平的快速提升对整个学校的教学质量的保证都有积极的影响作用。文章作者结合自己的实践体会,就何如有效的使新教师在短期内教学能力迅速提升并持续发展提出一些建议。     

污水生物脱氮除磷新工艺研究进展

近年来,生物脱氮除磷工艺取得了长足发展,出现了很多不同的处理工艺。这些新工艺在形式和流程上都优于传统工艺。文章在总结传统脱氮除磷工艺的基础上,介绍了近几年开发出的污水生物脱氮除磷新技术。随着生物脱氮除磷技术研究的进一步深入,高效、节能的生物膜与活性污泥组合的复合生物膜新工艺的将会成为脱氮除磷工艺的重要发展方向。     

浅谈乘用车免中涂涂装工艺

简单介绍了免中涂涂装工艺分类、工艺及涂料差异,并以B1B2工艺为例,通过与3C2B工艺进行比较,介绍了中涂功能,工艺流程,底材对涂膜质量的影响,工艺质量控制难点,施工注意要点及B1B2工艺在经济性及环保方面的优势,并介绍了免中涂工艺在国内外应用情况。     

新一代水性无机富锌底漆的生产与施工应用

通过对高模数无机硅酸盐进行改性,使无机富锌底漆的质量与施工使用得到改善与提高,实现了水性富锌底漆与溶剂型富锌环氧底漆施工使用同样方便,性能更好,尤其是产品的环保性能和良好的防腐性能。